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**Islam Wiki Page** By: Caroline Buckley, Rachel White, Ryan Duty, and Kurt Kennelly Table Of Contents 1) Islamic Empires 2)Five Pillars 3) Muhammad the prophet of Islam 4) Islamic Achievements 5)The rightfully guilded caliphs 6) Islam Quiz 7) islam Quiz Answer = = =**Islamic Empires**=

==== The four rightly guided caliphs made great progress in their quest to spread Islam, the Islamic Empire eventually spread 6,000 miles from the Atlantic Ocean to the Indus River. Muslims fought to defend the religion of Islam willing to risk a lot to extend the word. The Muslim armies were well disciplined and well trained. The persecution suffered by people under the Byzantine or Sassanid rule was also a reason for Muslim success, it welcomed invaders who were willing to accept this new religion. When Abbasids came to power in 762 they moved get capital to a newly created city Baghdad in central Iraq. This new location was on key trade routes and gave caliphs access to new trade routes and gold and valuable information about enemies or rivals. In 1258 rival groups divide muslim land because they failed to complete political control. Independant Muslim states came up and local leaders conquered smaller regions, then the Fatimid caliphate was formed; it began in north Africa and spread across the Red Sea to Western Arabia and Syria. ==== = = = = = Five Pillars =

== All Muslim's must follow five laws called the five pillars. The five pillars give Muslim's a guild line of how to live, and how to be a good Muslim.The five pillars consist of faith,prayer,alms, fasting, and pilgrimage. ==

**__Fifth Pillar__**: pilgramage is the trip that all muslum's must take to Mecca in honor of the trip that Muhammad.


== Also people in the Islamic religion must follow some other laws. First Muslim's can't eat pork or drink alcohol. Next Muslim's must devote Friday afternoons to worship. Then, in Muslim worship there is no one person who runs the service, but Islamic scholars can help with the worship, they are called Ulama. Also the ultimate person in Islam is Allah. Next Muslim's must follow the Muslim holy book called the Qur'an. then all Muslim's must follow the Islamic laws, called Shari'a law. Lastly Muslim's must follow Muhammad's example of the proper way a Muslim should live, called Sunna. == = = = = = Muhammad, The prophet of Islam =

Muhammad's Background
Muhammad had a powerful Meccan family. He was orphaned at age six,and he was then raised by his grandfather and uncle. He did not have a big education, and he started working in the caravan trade when he was young. At age 25 he became a trader and business manager for Khadijah a wealthy business women at the age of 40. Later Muhammad and Khadijah got married. It was a good marriage and a good business partnership.

Khadijah, the wife of Muhammad, age 40

Revelations
Muhammad was greatly interestedly religion and often spent time alone in prayer and meditation. when he was 40, his life changed overnight when he thought a voice called him while he meditated in a cave outside of Mecca. According to muslim belief, the voice was the angel Gabriel who told Muhammad that he was a messenger of Allah. After much soul searching, Muhammad believed that Allah spoke to him through Gabriel. He began to teach that Allah was the one and the only god. and that all other gods should be abandoned. People who agreed to these beliefs, were called muslims. Muhammad had begun to preach in public in Mecca, but he had some problems. Many Meccans believed that his revolutionary ideas would lead to neglect of other traditional Arabic gods. They were afraid that Mecca would lose its position as a pilgrimage center if people accepted Muhammad's monotheistic beliefs. The angel Gabriel telling Muhammad (age 40) that he was a messenger of Allah

The Hijrah
Muhammad decided to leave Mecca in 622 after some of his followers had been attacked. Following a small group of supporters, Muhammad decided to move to a town called Yathrib. This migration is called the Hijrah. This marked a turning point for Muhammad. Later Yathrib was named Medina. In Medina, Muhammad showed great leadership skills. These are followers of Muhammad who traveled to Yathrib, this is the event called the Hijrah.

The Return to Mecca
In 630 Muhammad and 10,000 of his followers marched to the outskirts of Mecca. Mecca surrendered and most Meccans showed their loyalty to Muhammad many converted to Islam. This is when Muhammad returned to Mecca with 10,000 followers in 630 = //**ISLAMIC ACHIEVEMENTS**// = = //**Checks**// = Before checks were invented large amounts of money were brought over seas, risks such as pirating and robbery followed by bringing along these items. Written checks were invented so large amounts of money weren't carried over seas. To muslims checks were called sakks, they were also made to encourage the flow of trade. Muslim money traders set up banks throughout the empire. Setting up banks in many places in the empire would allow a merchant with a sakk from a bank in Baghdad could exchange it for cash at a bank in any other city in the empire. Checks created ease and many other cultures began to use these. To this day we use checks, an islamic achievement that most of the world adopted. = = = = = = = = = = = //Treasury// = Ever heard of the U.S. Treasury? If you haven't a treasury is the department responsible for bugeting for and controlling public amount of money spent, management of national debt, and the overall management of the economy. The Muslims were the first to input a treasury in their government. Islamic law prohibits the collections of the payment of interest in the late 20th century. A number of Muslim banks were founded to cater to this particular banking market. This organized the government by managing the funds or revenue of the government, corporation or institution The creation of the treasury spread throughout the world, first to MIddle and Eastern and Western Europe and Asia then the rest of the world.



= = = = = Paper Mill = In 784-785 in the Abbasid Empire Muslim merchants bought light, thin and pliable material in the West. After discovering this material at markets and through trade the Muslims adopted this item and it spread throughout Midevil Europe.The first time Muslims might have seen paper was when Arab armies conquered central Asia in the eighth century. After seeing this new item they set up a paper mill in Baghdad. To make paper the Muslims used fiber pulp, which was originally used as wrappings in China and with a little refinement it was used as a writing material.



= T__he Rightly Guided Caliph__ =

__Caliphs__

 * Abu-Bakr became the first rightly guided Caliph.
 * Abu-Bakr, Uthman, Umar, and Ali the first 4 elected caliphs knew Muhammad.
 * Was created in 632 A.D.
 * Used the Qur' an Holy book.
 * By 750 A.D. the caliphs stretched across 6000 miles from the Atlantic ocean to the Indus river.
 * Muhammad died in 632 A.D.
 * Caliph means successor or representative.

=__ Umayyads __=


 * Moved Muslim capital to Damascus from Mecca. This made it easier to control territories because it was more central of there land.
 * They abandoned the normal life and surrounded themselves with wealth and the luxorious life.
 * A majority of the muslims accepted the rule of the umyyads.
 * Uthman the third rightly guided caliph, was the first umayyad caliph.

= __Shi'a__ =


 * Means party of Ali.
 * Members are called shi'ites.
 * Later became known as Sunni.
 * Believe that Ali, Muhammads son in law, should have succeeded him.
 * Believe that all muslim rulers should desended from Muhammad; do not recognize the authority of the sunna.
 * Claim that the Sunni have disorted the meaning of various passages in the Qur'an.

=__ Sunni __=
 * This means followers of Muhammad
 * Believe that the first four caliphs were rightly guided.
 * Believe that Muslims rulers should follow the Sunna or Muhammads example.
 * Claim that the Sia'a have disorted the meaning of various passages in the holy book the Qur'an.

= __Sufi__ =


 * Rejected luxorious life of umyadds, they pusued the life of poverty and devotion to the spiritual path.
 * Sufi say that true religion is inner truth, and it is not the outer practices they have.

= __Abbasids__ =


 * The Abbasids came to power under the auspices of Shi'ite movement.
 * After the victory of the Umayyads they made the Arab empire to the Multinational Muslim empire.
 * || **Islam Quiz**
 * || **Islam Quiz**
 * || **Islam Quiz**

//<span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 17px;">Get a blank piece of paper and write down all your answers on this sheet. After finishing the quiz check the answer key on the ISLAM QUIZ ANSWERS page to see how well you did! GOOD LUCK! //

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 17px;">1. How many pillars are there? a. 17 b. 3 c. 5 d. 2011

2. What is the islamic holy book? a. Toura b. Qur'an c. Christmas d. Ramadan

3. What city does ever Muslim have to travel to at least one in their life? a. Mecca b. Medina c. Iraq d. The Hamptons

4. Who is the prophet of Islam? a. Kurt K b. Muhammad c. Santa Claus d. The angel Gabriel

5. What is the event called where Muhammad traveled to Yathrib? a. Hijrah b. Hajj c. Jihad d. Spring Break

6. Where do Muslims face when they pray? a. Medina b. Tours c. a mosque d. Mecca

7. What foods do Muslims not eat? a. pork and alcohol b. fried chicken and koolaid c.pasta and arnold palmer d.pizza and coke

8. What is the Islamic month of fasting? a. Easter b. My birthday c. Ramadan d.Rashashana

9. What is a head covering most Muslim women wear? a. hat b. beanie c. bandana d. hijab

10. Where was Muhammad born? a. Boston b. Hollywood c. Damascus d. Mecca <span style="display: block; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">**<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 17px;">Quiz Answers ** <span style="display: block; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"> ||  ||   ||   || = <span style="color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">**2. B** = = <span style="color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">**3. A** = = <span style="color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">**4. B** = = <span style="color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">**5. A** = = <span style="color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">**6. D** = = <span style="color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">**7. A** = = <span style="color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">**8. C** = = <span style="color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">**9. D** = = <span style="color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">**10. D** = ||
 * || <span style="display: block; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">= <span style="color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">**1. C** =
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